Propagation Delays

• Up- & Downlink Delay

  • function of slant range
  • analytically gained
  • verified with STK

• Intra-Satellite Delay

  • “routes in the sky” still open
  • simulation based
  • forward & backward, “left” & “right” neighbor

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Up- & Down-Link

satellite passes observer at 90deg. elevation

min. elevation: 20deg. ==> 12 min. visibility

delay in between 4.5 ms and 9 ms

plotted: slant range / speed of light

Intra-Satellite

affects strongly end-to-end delay for long distance calls

not apliable for “single-hop-scenarios”

Simulation based (STK)

walker orbit: 12 planes, 6 satellites per plane

forward delay: constant

next neighbor:

in between 11.5 ms and 15 ms

period: 40 minutes !!

==> change of 4.5 ms in 40 minutes

==> 1/4 of uplink-delay variation